Interactive Charging Lab
EV Charging Simulator
Test AC and DC charging standards, kW-voltage-ampere relations, cable current and grid values by country in one workspace.
9standards
20countries
AC/DCType 2 / CCS
2500kW max
AC
AC Home
Type 2 / J1772
Voltage230V / 400V
Current16A – 32A
Max Power22 kW
DC
DC Fast
CCS2 · 400V Arch.
Voltage200V – 500V
Current125A – 500A
Max Power250 kW
DC
DC Ultra Fast
CCS2 · 800V Arch.
Voltage500V – 1000V
Current50A – 500A
Max Power350 kW
DC
MCS 1500 kW
Megawatt Charging
Voltage1000V – 1500V
Current100A – 1500A
Max Power1500 kW
DC
MCS 2500 kW
Truck / Fleet
Voltage1500V
Current1666A
Max Power2500 kW
Simulation Controls
Station Power (kW)
22
Battery Capacity (kWh)
75
Starting Charge (%)
20
Target Charge (%)
80
⚡ Core Formula
P = V × I
Power (W) = Voltage (V) × Current (A)
22 000 W = 400V × 55A
3F AC: P = √3 × V × I × cosφ
• Low V → High I → Thick cable
• High V → Low I → Thin cable
• 800V has 50% less heat loss vs 400V
Battery Status
20%
15.0 kWh
Est. Charge Time
--:--
Range / Minute
-- km/dk
Battery Temp
25°C
Efficiency
95%
Architecture Comparison
| Parameter | AC Tip 2 | DC 400V | DC 800V | MCS 1.5MW | MCS 2.5MW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voltage | 230–400V | 200–500V | 500–1000V | 1000–1500V | 1500V |
| Max Current | 32A (63A) | 500A | 500A | 1500A | 1666A |
| Max Power | 22–43kW | 250kW | 350kW | 1500kW | 2500kW |
| 0→80% (75kWh) | ~4 sa | ~20 dk | ~15 dk | ~3 dk | ~2 dk |
| Cable | Standard | Thick | Medium | Liquid-cooled | Active cooling |
| Target Vehicle | Car | Car | Car | Truck / Bus | Truck / Fleet |
Voltage–Current Relationship at Constant Power (P = V × I)
400V Arch.
350kW →875A required
800V Arch.
350kW →437A (50% less heat)
1500V MCS
1500kW →1000A (liquid-cooled)
kW – Volt – Ampere by Charging Standard
Real values calculated with P = V × I for each standard's power levels. Current value directly determines cable thickness and cooling requirements.
AC Tip 1 (J1772)
ABD / Japonya
AC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 kW | 120V | 12A | 1F | Residential NEMA 5-15 |
| 1.9 kW | 120V | 16A | 1F | Residential NEMA 5-20 |
| 3.7 kW | 240V | 16A | 1F | NEMA 6-20 (Level 2) |
| 7.2 kW | 240V | 30A | 1F | NEMA 14-30 |
| 11.5 kW | 240V | 48A | 1F | Level 2 Max |
AC Tip 2 (Mennekes)
Avrupa / Türkiye
AC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.7 kW | 230V | 16A | 1F | Home charging (single phase) |
| 7.4 kW | 230V | 32A | 1F | Reinforced home |
| 11 kW | 400V | 16A | 3F | 3-phase (public) |
| 22 kW | 400V | 32A | 3F | 3-phase Max |
| 43 kW | 400V | 63A | 3F | AC fast charge (rare) |
GB/T (Çin AC)
Çin
AC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 kW | 220V | 16A | 1F | Standard home charging |
| 7 kW | 220V | 32A | 1F | Fast home charging |
CCS1 (Combo 1)
ABD / K. Amerika
DC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 kW | 400V | 125A | DC | Standard DC fast |
| 100 kW | 400V | 250A | DC | Mid speed |
| 150 kW | 500V | 300A | DC | Fast |
| 350 kW | 800V | 437A | DC | Ultra-fast (800V) |
| 500 kW | 1000V | 500A | DC | CCS1 Max |
CCS2 (Combo 2)
Avrupa / Türkiye
DC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 kW | 400V | 125A | DC | Standard DC |
| 100 kW | 400V | 250A | DC | |
| 150 kW | 400V | 375A | DC | 400V vehicle limit |
| 250 kW | 800V | 312A | DC | 800V vehicle (Ioniq, Taycan) |
| 350 kW | 800V | 437A | DC | CCS2 Max (2024) |
CHAdeMO
Japonya / Global
DC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 kW | 500V | 100A | DC | Generation 1 |
| 100 kW | 500V | 200A | DC | Generation 2 |
| 200 kW | 500V | 400A | DC | |
| 400 kW | 1000V | 400A | DC | CHAdeMO 3.0 |
NACS / Tesla Supercharger
ABD / Global
DC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72 kW | 400V | 180A | DC | V2 Supercharger |
| 150 kW | 400V | 375A | DC | V2 Dedicated |
| 250 kW | 800V | 312A | DC | V3 Supercharger |
| 500 kW | 1000V | 500A | DC | V4 Supercharger (2024+) |
MCS — Megawatt Charging
Global (Ağır Taşıt)
DC MCS
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 700 kW | 1000V | 700A | DC | MCS entry level |
| 1000 kW | 1000V | 1000A | DC | 1 MW — truck charging |
| 1500 kW | 1000V | 1500A | DC | Liquid-cooled cable required |
| 1500 kW | 1500V | 1000A | DC | High-voltage variant |
| 2000 kW | 1500V | 1333A | DC | 2025+ target |
| 2500 kW | 1500V | 1666A | DC | MCS ultimate target (ISO 15118-20) |
GB/T (Çin DC)
Çin
DC
| Power | Voltage | Current | Phase | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 kW | 750V | 80A | DC | |
| 120 kW | 750V | 160A | DC | |
| 237 kW | 750V | 250A | DC | Dual output |
| 480 kW | 1000V | 480A | DC | GB/T New Gen (2023+) |
Quick Calc — Power & Voltage → Current
Result: Current
375
A
How Does DC Charging Work? What is the Difference from AC?
🔵 AC Charging — Conversion Inside Vehicle
🔌
Grid
230V / 50Hz AC
↓
🏠
EVSE Station
Passes AC current, no conversion
↓
⚠️
Vehicle OBC (On-Board Charger)
AC → DC converter · 3.7–22 kW limit · Generates heat!
↓
🔋
Battery
Receives DC (400V / 800V)
Bottleneck: OBC capacity limits charging speed. A vehicle with 11 kW OBC can only receive 11 kW even on a 22 kW station.
⚡ DC Charging — OBC Bypass, Direct to Battery
🔌
Grid
400V / 3-Phase AC
↓
🏭
Station Power Modules (PFC)
AC → DC · 50kW–2500kW · communicates with BMS
↓
✅
OBC Bypass
Vehicle's on-board inverter is bypassed
↓
🔋
Battery
Receives DC directly · BMS controls current in real time
Advantage: By bypassing the OBC, much higher power transfer. Limit: vehicle's battery voltage and max current accepted by BMS.
📈 BMS-Controlled CC-CV Charging Curve
⚡ Phase 1: Constant Current (CC)
- Between 0% → 80% SOC
- Current constant, voltage slowly rises
- Example: 437A constant, 500V→800V rises
- Peak power → Fastest phase
🔋 Phase 2: Constant Voltage (CV)
- Between 80% → 100% SOC
- Voltage constant, current decreases
- Example: 800V constant, 437A→20A
- Battery protection → charge slows
Why does it slow at 80%?
Chemical saturation begins in battery cells. High current can cause lithium plating in cells, causing permanent damage. BMS restricts current to prevent this.
🏗️ DC Station Internal Architecture
🔌
Input Transformer
Steps down 10kV–35kV medium voltage to 400V. Large transformer needed for MCS.
🔄
PFC Power Modules
Each module 30–50kW. Run in parallel to reach total power. 97%+ efficiency.
🧠
BMS Communication
CAN Bus / ISO 15118 / OCPP. Vehicle transmits 100+ data packets per second.
❄️
Cooling System
Liquid cooling mandatory at 500kW+. Cable and module cooling are separate circuits.
🔴 MCS — Megawatt Charging System
The MCS standard (ISO 15118-20) developed by CharIN is designed for heavy vehicles. Provides 5–10x the power of normal DC charging. Uses mandatory liquid-cooled cable systems.
Max Voltage
1500 V
Max Current
3000 A
Ultimate Target
4500 kW
Standard
ISO 15118-20
Power Levels
700 kW
1000V × 700A
1000 kW
1000V × 1000A
1500 kW
1000V × 1500A
1500 kW
1500V × 1000A
2000 kW
1500V × 1333A
2500 kW ⭐
1500V × 1666A
⚙️ Technical Challenges & Solutions
🌡️
Cable Heat Management
Copper cable heats significantly at 1000A+. MCS cables have internal liquid cooling channels.
Heat ∝ I² × R (Joule's Law) · 2x current = 4x heat
💧
Liquid-Cooled Cable
Contains 2 liquid channels: glycerin-water mixture removes heat. Cable diameter: ~35–50mm.
Standard: IEC 62196 · Cooling capacity: 10–20 kW heat
🔒
Safety
1500V DC can create lethal arcs. Insulation monitored in real time, voltage zeroed before contact.
HVIL · Response time <2ms · ISO 15118-20
🏭
Grid Demand
2.5 MW ≈ simultaneous consumption of 2000 homes. Medium voltage (10–35 kV) connection required.
Solution: BESS battery buffer provides instant power support
📡
BMS Speed
At 2500 kW, BMS must update current every ms. Delay = battery damage.
ISO 15118-20 <1ms · PLC + Ethernet physical layer
⚡
Current Examples
Tesla V4: 500kW · Kempower: 400kW · Heliox 1MW: trucks · ABB Terra HP: 2400kW
⏱️ Charge Time Comparison (75 kWh, 20%→80%)
* Varies by vehicle BMS limits, battery temperature, and current SOC.
🌍 Grid Voltage, Frequency, Home and Industrial Power by Country
110–127V system
220–230V system
Mixed / Regional
Industrial / 3-phase: 380–415V
| Country | Voltage | Freq. | Home Amps | Industrial / 3-phase | EV Charge | Socket | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸USA | 120V | 60Hz | 15–20A | 208/240/480V 3F | 30–50A | Tip A/B | 240V only for large appliances (dryer, stove, EV charging) |
| 🇯🇵Japan | 100V | 50/60Hz | 15–20A | 200V 3F | 30A | Tip A | World's lowest grid voltage. West Japan=60Hz, East=50Hz |
| 🇨🇦Canada | 120V | 60Hz | 15A | 208/240/480V 3F | 30–50A | Tip A/B | Same system as the USA |
| 🇲🇽Mexico | 127V | 60Hz | 15A | 220/440V 3F | 30A | Tip A/B | Most of Central America uses 110–127V |
| 🇹🇼Taiwan | 110V | 60Hz | 15A | 220/380V 3F | 30A | Tip A | Similar system to Japan |
| 🇧🇷Brazil | 127/220V | 60Hz | 15–16A | 220/380V 3F | 32A | NBR 14136 | Varies by region; some cities use 220V |
| 🇹🇷Turkey | 230V | 50Hz | 16A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip F (Schuko) | Standard EU system |
| 🇩🇪Germany | 230V | 50Hz | 16A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip F (Schuko) | Three-phase 400V home connections are common |
| 🇫🇷France | 230V | 50Hz | 16–20A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip E | Type E sockets have a different pin socket |
| 🇬🇧UK | 230V | 50Hz | 13A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip G (BS 1363) | Plugs have built-in fuses (3A/5A/13A) |
| 🇳🇱Netherlands | 230V | 50Hz | 16A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip F/E | Densest EV charging infrastructure in EU |
| 🇳🇴Norway | 230V | 50Hz | 16–20A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip F | World No.1 in per-capita EV adoption |
| 🇨🇳China | 220V | 50Hz | 10–16A | 380V 3F | 32A | GB 2099 | Uses GB/T charging standard |
| 🇦🇺Australia | 230V | 50Hz | 10A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip I (AS/NZS) | Low socket amps; circuit breakers are 20A+ |
| 🇮🇳India | 230V | 50Hz | 6–16A | 415V 3F | 32A | Tip D/M | Large 3-pin plugs are common |
| 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia | 127/220V | 60Hz | 15A | 380/400V 3F | 30A | Tip A/B/G | Older areas 127V; new buildings 220V |
| 🇦🇪UAE | 220V | 50Hz | 13A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip G (UK) | British colonial legacy, similar to UK plug |
| 🇰🇷South Korea | 220V | 60Hz | 16A | 380V 3F | 32A | Tip F (Schuko) | Hyundai/Kia pioneered 800V architecture |
| 🇮🇱Israel | 230V | 50Hz | 16A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip H (SI 32) | Socket type unique to Israel |
| 🇿🇦South Africa | 230V | 50Hz | 16A | 400V 3F | 32A | Tip M (BS 546) | BS546 large 3-pin sockets |
🇺🇸 110–127V System (N. America)
North America outlet voltage is 120V / 60Hz. Separate 240V circuit for large appliances (NEMA 14-50). EV Level 2 charging: 240V × 32A = 7.7 kW.
120V × 15A = 1.8 kW (Level 1)
240V × 32A = 7.7 kW (Level 2)
240V × 50A = 12 kW (Level 2Max)
240V × 32A = 7.7 kW (Level 2)
240V × 50A = 12 kW (Level 2Max)
🇪🇺 220–230V System (Europe / Turkey)
European standard is 230V / 50Hz (IEC 60038). Single-phase outlet 16A = 3.7 kW. Three-phase: 400V × 32A × √3 = 22 kW.
230V × 16A = 3.7 kW (Home outlet)
400V × 16A × √3 = 11 kW (3-phase)
400V × 32A × √3 = 22 kW (3-phase Max)
400V × 16A × √3 = 11 kW (3-phase)
400V × 32A × √3 = 22 kW (3-phase Max)
⚡ Why is 230V More Efficient?
1000W device: 120V → 8.3A, 230V → 4.35A. Cable heat loss is proportional to I²×R. 230V system has 72% less heat loss. USA couldn't switch from 110V because infrastructure conversion from the 1880s is too costly.
🇯🇵 Japan: 100V / 50Hz & 60Hz (by region)
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia: 127V (old) / 220V (new)
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia: 127V (old) / 220V (new)
🔌 World Plug Types and EV Charging Connectors
Tip 1 (J1772)
North America, Japan
AC
11.5 kW
Tip 2 (Mennekes)
Europe, Turkey
AC
43 kW
CCS1
North America
DC
350+ kW
CCS2
Europe, Turkey
DC
350+ kW
CHAdeMO
Japan
DC
400 kW
NACS / Tesla
USA, global rollout
AC+DC
500 kW
GB/T (AC)
China
AC
7 kW
GB/T (DC)
China
DC
480 kW
MCS
Global heavy-duty
DC
2500 kW
Sources & Standards
CharIN e.V. — MCS Standardı
IEC 61851 — EV Şarj Ekipmanı
ISO 15118 — Araç–İstasyon Haberleşmesi
IEC 60038 — Şebeke Voltaj Standartları
NEMA — Kuzey Amerika Standartları
CharIN e.V. — MCS Standardı
IEC 61851 — EV Şarj Ekipmanı
ISO 15118 — Araç–İstasyon Haberleşmesi
IEC 60038 — Şebeke Voltaj Standartları
NEMA — Kuzey Amerika Standartları
Core Formulas
P = V × I (DC / 1 faz AC)
P = √3 × V × I × cosφ (3 faz AC)
Isı kaybı = I² × R
Verimlilik = P_çıkış / P_giriş × 100
P = V × I (DC / 1 faz AC)
P = √3 × V × I × cosφ (3 faz AC)
Isı kaybı = I² × R
Verimlilik = P_çıkış / P_giriş × 100
Note
This page is educational. Real charging speed varies by vehicle BMS, battery temperature, SOC, cable, and station capacity.
This page is educational. Real charging speed varies by vehicle BMS, battery temperature, SOC, cable, and station capacity.
About EV Charging Simulator
This simulator visually and interactively explains the relationship between kW, Voltage and Ampere in EV charging systems, the technical differences between AC and DC charging, the 1500–2500 kW ultra-fast Megawatt Charging System, and grid standards by country. All data is based on real charging standards (IEC 61851, ISO 15118, CharIN MCS).